Chung Culture in the Eye of a Bangladeshi

Soumitra Kumar Kundu

PhD

Business Administration 

Chonnam National University
                                                   

                             Chung Culture in the Eye of a Bangladeshi

       From the time of my arrival in Gwangju, to today; how I struggled in the beginning, how smoothly things run today. This process of achieving a "home away from home" feeling had many steps.  So, this talk will discuss these steps. What kinds of problems did I face, and how did I overcome them?  How people of various areas helped solve my problems in different ways, and how every incident and problem I have faced has given me opportunities to think deeply about the Korean attitude of helping people.  I wondered if there is any historical or traditional background in Korea that brings this kind of support to foreigners who are trying to live here.  I observed that the culture of Korean tradition and history has its link to the overall development.  In Korea seniors generally pay the money for juniors when they go out together for dinner and go to the bar to hang out. Koreans are warmhearted and so generous. These characteristics originated from collective society, in which people prefer to say woori (us/our). For example, Korean men don’t say “my wife”; they say “woori wife”.  “Woori” doesn’t mean I have many wives; “woori” means “wife of our community”.  Many small things like that give us a clear understanding that the Korean community has always been concerned for the entire community.  It has that deep concern with the Chung culture, which can be found deep into their ancient traditional religions, like Samanijam.  Samanijam is a culture where if someone is sick, or has lost a family member, the whole village comes together for support.  They pass on their sorrow and happiness together with the Samon.  These things give us a clear idea that Korean society, from ancient times, was concerned about each other’s problems.  They thought collectively, cried collectively, and loved collectively. 

So, it’s clear that community living was very developed through this Chang culture.  In my view, we have a very similar culture in Bangladesh.  The Bengalis are always concerned with helping others and trying to make people feel by saying the words “Dada” or “Didi”, which mean that anyone we feel close to we call “elder brother” (“hyeong” in Korea).  Thus, I have found similarities between Korean and my cultures. It also surprised me that Koreans are more polite and respectful to the seniors in terms of age not for money or status. I also wonder about the changes that Korean society will in the future. It’s common to see younger people give their seats to seniors on the bus, however now a days, it’s becoming more common place to see the younger people keep their seats and ignore the seniors. As the society grows and changes, people are becoming more individualistic, and from now on, we can be more conscientious and thoughtful about this matter, about this matter, so we can overcome this situation together. 

http://gwangjunewsgic.com/gic-talk-september-schedule/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnNBqQcKxKo&t=24s
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x36rn24

Impression of CCAP (Cross-Cultural Awareness Program)

Soumitra Kumar Kundu

PhD 
Business Administration 

Chonnam National University

Bangladeshi

Impression of CCAP

It is very easy to know any information by a mere click on the internet but to gather practical experience is very tough. Before come to Korea I haven’t any practical experience about Korean culture, food, clothes and some other things. It’s very hard to get other countries food test or put on clothes or to know foreigners very closely from motherland, even though when I was a young student had never gotten a chance to have a close interaction with foreigners. I think, Cross-Cultural Awareness Program (CCAP) is working as a bridge between Korean students and foreigner to know each other. This is a great opportunity for the Korean students to learn and understand about different countries from foreigner. On the other hand foreigners are also getting chance to visit Korean students to share their own culture, food, clothes and some other things.

I’m working as a Cultural Exchange Volunteers (CEV) over three years and experience has taught me that activities are more important than power point presentation because it is a culture lesson, not an academic lesson. Activities can be included, singing, dancing, cocking, language activities etc. But I’m not good at singing and dancing and such. So, I try to cook something belongs to my country (if the schools are agreed) and give them a chance to put on my country’s traditional clothes after short power point presentation.

The young students and school teachers are very good, friendly and helpful.  Special thanks to my Korean Interpretation Volunteers (KIVs), as they helped me a lot all the time to make funny during the CCAP classes. I am truly thankful and grateful for being given a chance to join the UNESCO CCAP. I wish I could still be part of this program as long I am still in Korea.

Minha Park 박민아 Chonnam National University 

요즘 인터넷에서 간단한 클릭으로 많은 정보들을 모으는 것은 쉽지만 이는 실용적인 경험을 얻기에는 부족합니다. 한국을 오기 전, 저는 한국에 대한 문화, 음악, 옷 등과 같은 실용적인 정보를 많이 알지 못했습니다. 제가 어린 학생시절 외국인과의 문화교류의 기회가 없어 다른 나라의 옷을 입어보거나 음식을 먹어보는 등 외국인들을 아는 것은 어려웠습니다. 저는 CCAP가 한국학생들과 외국인을 이어주는 ‘다리’ 라고 생각합니다. 이 프로그램은 한국 학생들이 다른 나라의 문화를 이해하고 배울 수 있는 좋은 기회입니다. 또한 외국인들도 한국 학생들을 방문함으로써 그들만의 문화, 음식, 옷 등을 공유할 수 있는 기회가 됩니다.
 저는 CEV(cultural exchange volunteer)로 이 프로그램을 참여한지 3년이 넘어갑니다. 이 경험은 저에게 수업에 있어 파워포인트 프레젠테이션(PPT)보다 다양한 활동을 하는 것이 더욱 중요하다는 것을 알게 해주었습니다. 이 프로그램은 문화를 배우고자 하는 것이지 교육적인 의도가 아니기 때문입니다. 다양한 활동은 노래 부르기, 춤추기, 요리하기, 언어를 배우는 활동들입니다. 그러나 저는 노래 부르기나 춤추기 등을 잘 못하기 때문에 저의 나라의 음식을 요리했습니다(만약 학교가 동의를 한다면). 그리고 발표 후에 학생들에게 저의 나라의 전통 옷을 입어 보는 시간을 가졌습니다. 어린 학생들과 학교 선생님들은 매우 친절하고 도움을 많이 주었습니다. 특히, CCAP 시간 동안 학생들을 재미있게 해주려고 노력해준 저의 KIV(Korean interpretation volunteer) 파트너에게 고맙습니다. 저는 UNESCO의 CCAP에 참여할 수 있는 기회를 주신 것에 대해 매우 감사합니다. 저는 제가 한국에 있는 한은 이 프로그램에 참여하고 싶습니다.

Bus numbers and Bus stops of Gwangju, South Korea.

호남대 광산 캠퍼스
Honam University Entrance Gate, Gwangsan Campus.

 

Requirements for South Korea Student Visa for Bangladeshi Students.

1.     Applicant’s Passport with at least 15months’ validity and photocopy of passport (pg#0-5 mandatory).

2.     Passport sizes photo of applicant (2pcs, one must be glued on appropriate position on the application form).

3.     Applicants own worded request letter for visa issuance.

4.     12yrs’ related document to prove education record/certification and marksheets/transcripts: These must be submitted both in original and photocopy notarized by ministry of Education, Bangladesh.

5.     Certificate of Admission (both original & photocopy) issued by educating organization/university’s authority.

6.     Applicants own Bangladeshi ID Card & its photocopy.

7.     Applicant’s Birth Certificate in both original & photocopy notarized by ministry of Home Affairs, Bangladesh.

8.     Family Relationship Certificate issued by City Corporation or equivalent.

9.     Document to prove applicant’s own/guarantor’s financial capability to burden academic/living expenses of student.

10.  Parents’ no objection letter regarding the application and following residence abroad for study.

11.  Parents’ Bangladeshi ID cards and passport photocopy.

12. Police Clearance issued by Bangladeshi Police & notarized by; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bangladesh or Ministry of home Affairs, Bangladesh.

13.  VISA Application fees (TK. 2500 or $30 - Single entry below 90 days), (TK. 40000 or $50  - Single entry over 90 days) ( TK. 6000 - Multiple)

Accruals Model

Accruals is the term that the accounting recognition of assets and liabilities that have not yet been realized as a cash flow. By the accruals enable revenue or expenses to be recognized before payment occurs. The purpose of this concept is to make sure that all revenues and costs are recorded in the appropriate statement at the right time.   

Mathematically we know that  TAt = NIt – CFOt

So, the total accruals are the difference between Net Income and Cash Flow from Operation at a time t.

And these total accruals are decomposed in Discretionary accruals & Non-discretionary accruals which are denoted as DA &NDA.

DA: Discretionary Accruals are adjustments to cash flows selected by the manager. DA can be calculated if we know the NDA.

DAt = Accrualst  –  NDAt

NDA: Non-discretionary accruals are accounting adjustments to the firms cash flows mandated by accounting standard-setting bodies. Such as depreciation, obligation of lease financing.  

Accruals Model or Non-discretionary accruals models by the researchers or how can we determine Discretionary accruals or Non-discretionary accruals are as below:

1.      Healy(1985): Nondiscretionary accruals represent as the mean total accruals from the estimation period. 

NDAt  = Σ TAt / Tt

DAt  = TAt – NDAt

2.      DeAngelo(1986): This model uses last period’s total accruals as the measure of nondiscretionary accruals. Thus the, the DeAngelo model for non discretionary accruals is :

NDAt   = TAt-1
DAt = TAt   – NDA

3.      Dechow and Sloan(1991)

NDAt =r1 + r2 median1 (TAt)

DAt=NDAt-TAt

4.      Jones(1991) proposes a model that relaxes the assumption that nondiscretionary accruals are constant.

TAt / At-1=a0(1/ At-1)+a1(∆REVt / At-1) + a2(PPEt  / At-1) +ξt

DAt = (TAt / At-1) – [a0(1/ At-1) + a1(∆REVt / At-1) + a2(PPEt  / At-1)]

5.      Dechow (1995): Modified Jones model have a highest power to detecting earnings management. And use the modified Jones model.

TAt / At-1= a0(1/ At-1)+a1(∆REVt - ∆AR t / At-1) + a2(PPEt  / At-1) +ξt

DAt = (TAt / At-1) – [a0(1/ At-1) + a1(∆REVt  - ∆AR t   / At-1) + a2(PPEt  / At-1)]

Attribution theory

Attribution theory

귀인이론

Attribution theory (Weiner, 1980, 1992) is probably the most influential contemporary theory with implications for academic motivation. It incorporates behavior modification in the sense that it emphasizes the idea that learners are strongly motivated by the pleasant outcome of being able to feel good about themselves. It incorporates cognitive theory and self-efficacy theory in the sense that it emphasizes that learners' current self-perceptions will strongly influence the ways in which they will interpret the success or failure of their current efforts and hence their future tendency to perform these same behaviors.
According to attribution heory, the explanations that people tend to make to explain success or
failure can be analyzed in terms of three sets of characteristics:
First, the cause of the success or failure may be internal or external. That is, we may succeed or fail because of factors that we believe have their origin within us or because of factors that originate in our environment.
Second, the cause of the success or failure may be either stable or unstable. If the we believe cause is stable, then the outcome is likely to be the same if we perform the same behavior on another occasion. If it is unstable, the outcome is likely to be different on another
occasion.
Third, the cause of the success or failure may be either controllable or uncontrollable. A controllable factor is one which we believe we ourselves can alter if we wish to do so. An uncontrollable factor is one that we do not believe we can easily alter.

Note that this factor is distinct from the previous two categories. An internal factor can be controllable (we can control our effort by trying harder) or uncontrollable (most people cannot easily change their basic intellectual ability or change from being an introvert to
being an extrovert). Likewise, an external factor can be controllable (a person failing a difficult course could succeed by taking an easier course) or uncontrollable (if calculus is difficult because it is abstract, it will still be abstract no matter what we do).

An important assumption of attribution theory is that people will interpret their
environment in such a way as to maintain a positive self-image. That is, they will attribute
their successes or failures to factors that will enable them to feel as good as
possible about themselves. In general, this means that when learners succeed at
an academic task, they are likely to want to attribute this success to their
own efforts or abilities; but when they fail, they will want to attribute their
failure to factors over which they have no control, such as bad teaching or bad
luck.
The basic principle of attribution theory as it applies to motivation is that a person's own
perceptions or attributions for success or failure determine the amount of
effort the person will expend on that activity in the future.
There are four factors related to attribution theory that influence motivation in education: ability, task difficulty, effort, and luck. In terms of the characteristics discussed previously, these four factors can be analyzed in the following way:

Ability is a relatively internal and stable factor over which the learner does not exercise much direct control. Task difficulty is an external and stable factor that is largely beyond
the learner's control. Effort is an internal and unstable factor over which the learner can exercise a great deal of control. Luck is an external and unstable factor over which the learner exercises very little control.

Note that it is the learner's perception that determines how attributions will influence future effort. A learner may believe that he is a "lucky person" - and for him luck would be an internal
and stable characteristic over which he exercises little control. In other words, for this person "luck" is really what the preceding list calls an "ability" or personality characteristic. Likewise, a person may believe that she expended a great deal of effort, when in fact she did not, or
that an objectively easy task was difficult. The basic principle of attribution heory as it applies to motivation is that a person's own perceptions or attributions for success or failure determine the amount of effort the person will expend on that activity in the future.
http://education.calumet.purdue.edu/vockell/edPsybook/Edpsy5/edpsy5_attribution.htm

Fair disclosure VS Full disclosure

적정공 시 VS 완전공시

Regulation Fair Disclosure, also commonly referred to as Regulation FD or Reg FD, is a regulation that was promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in August 2000. The rule mandates that all publicly traded companies must disclose material information to all investors at the same time.
The regulation sought to stamp out selective disclosure, in which some investors (often large institutional investors) received market moving information before others (often smaller, individual investors).
Regulation FD fundamentally changed how companies communicate with investors by bringing more transparency and more frequent and timely communications, perhaps more than any other regulation in the history of the SEC.
Most of the corporate announcements are issued in press releases or during the conference calls and are summarized at websites.
Full Disclosure
1. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) requirement that publicly-traded companies release and provide for the free exchange of all material facts that are relevant to their ongoing business operations.

2. The general need in business transactions for both parties to tell the whole truth about any material issue pertaining to the transaction.
Full disclosure is that the supplying of large amounts of information to help investors make their own prediction of future firm performance.

The full disclosure principle states that any future event that may or will occur, and that will have a material economic impact on the financial position of the business, should be disclosed to probable and potential readers of the statements. Such disclosures are most frequently made by footnotes. For example, a hotel should report the building of a new wing, or the future acquisition of another property.
Full Disclosure Principle requires that all situations, circumstances and events that are relevant to financial statement users have to be disclosed. In other words, all of a company’s financial records and transactions have to be available for viewing.


Read more: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fulldisclosure.asp#ixzz1ixdTV4VD
Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_full_disclosure_principle#ixzz1ixmcLTpK

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